Water is a valuable (and expensive) resource in its own right, and water consumption also has an impact on energy consumption at both building level and infrastructure level.
For example, energy is used to distribute (pump) all water (around a building or through the water infrastructure) and additional energy is used to produce hot water.
In addition, sewage treatment consumes energy at the treatment works, while chemical treatment of potable mains water and water in building services (heating and cooling systems) has the potential to cause pollution.
The BREEAM assessment scheme awards points for measures that conserve water and the Code for Sustainable Homes(8) focuses heavily on reducing water consumption, which will be enforced through Part G of the Building Regulations.
Additionally, the Planning Policy Statement on Climate Change and Defra’s (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) Future Water(9) document calls for Local and Regional Planning Bodies to set relevant local standards for water efficiency.
Initiatives to reduce water consumption will typically include the following:
- Re-use of grey water
- Rainwater harvesting
- Low water volume showers and taps
- Waterless urinals
- Low flush and vacuum WCs
Consequently, water consumption within each system needs to be measured to gauge the success of water conservation initiatives.